gal science Archive

Gal Science: What Is Female Brain?

As The Toast searches for its one true Gal Scientist, we will be running a ton of wonderful one-off pieces by female scientists of all shapes and sizes and fields and education levels, which we are sure you will enjoy. They’ll live here, so you can always find them. 

Ladies, we are the weaker sex. At least that’s the message we’re getting from corporate America: we have tiny lady hands requiring special lady pens, dainty lady ears needing special lady earplugs, and fun-size appetites calling out for special lady candy bars. And did you know that we have little lady brains to match? They’re 10% smaller than a male brain. As Ron Burgundy declared: It’s science.

Every once in awhile, a clueless politician, lazy journalist, or well-intentioned Harvard University president mentions the difference between male and female brains as “scientific proof” of some sexist stereotype. Larry Summers asserted that lady brains are why women don’t go into science and math fields. News headlines declare that “WOMEN/MEN ARE HARDWIRED FOR X,” where x is a stereotype: women are hardwired for empathy, while men are hardwired to chase 20-something women! And as a backlash to the sexism, there’s always then a group of people who deny those differences in service of the idea that the sexes are equal.

The truth lies somewhere in the middle. There are real differences between male and female brains, but those differences don’t have any inherent meaning. Take brain size, for instance – though it is true that male brains are bigger, that doesn’t mean they’re better. If that were true, we’d be submitting to our elephant and whale overlords.

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Gal Science: An Archaeologist on Bone Health

As The Toast searches for its one true Gal Scientist, we will be running a ton of wonderful one-off pieces by female scientists of all shapes and sizes and fields and education levels, which we are sure you will enjoy. They’ll live here, so you can always find them. 

First, my disclaimer: I am not a doctor. Yes, I study bones and exercise, and I do act like a know-it-all, but whatever I tell you can not be taken as a replacement for medical advice. This shouldn’t be shocking to most people, as it says “archaeologist” pretty clearly on my business card. What I practice – and am working towards my doctorate in – is bioarchaeology, the examination of human remains in archaeological contexts. My research gets even more specific, combining bioarchaeology with biomechanics and exercise science, studying how movement affects bone density, shape, and structure. I apparently make a pretty shoddy running partner as I’m always commenting on how people run, and a weird party guest because I encourage everyone to show me the crazy things they can do with their joints and muscles, but also a good half-doctor when friends are too busy or lazy to make a physio appointment when they break themselves. (The answer is always RICE, and once in a blue moon, get an x-ray so I can add your injury to my teaching collection.)

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Gal Science: The Ages of Things

prometheus-sacrificial-engineer-570x290

As The Toast searches for its one true Gal Scientist, we will be running a ton of wonderful one-off pieces by female scientists of all shapes and sizes and fields and education levels, which we are sure you will enjoy. They’ll live here, so you can always find them. 

Last year, in response to this (really badly written) article and its title (Earth’s Water May Be Older Than Previously Thought), Mallory tweeted: “isn’t ALL water the same age??” and “this is probably a dumb question but i have the same question with rocks, they’re all from the same Earth, how do they have different ages?” 

This is, in fact, not dumb. Even other geoscientists who are not specialists in the ages of things ask similar questions; recently a colleague asked me why we don’t consider how old atoms already were when they joined our solar system, which is closely related.

It doesn’t help that the article in question is unnecessarily confusing, thanks to a combination of dumbing down way too much for a non-scientist audience, extreme abbreviation, a lack of useful citations and links, and straight-up bad explanations. So for better reference, here is the actual scientific article abstract (full text behind a paywall), and this is one of the official press releases.

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Gal Science: Ant Lab FAQ

Wait, what ants???

Yes! I am currently employed as a research assistant in a lab with three captive colonies of leaf-cutter ants (Atta cephalotes.) These ants come from South and Central American countries and have complex social structures, which I’ll discuss later.

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Gal Science: Drugs, Pee, and Me

I’m going to talk about pee. Your dirty, drug-laden pee, specifically.

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Gal Science: Tools, and the Scientists Who Love Them

My father was a fighter pilot. Because of this, I grew up never being able to enjoy any media that had anything at all ever to do with the military, planes, aviation, or space. There was always something done incorrectly for the sake of horrible, horrible Hollywood Magic. In true dad fashion, he couldn’t let Hollywood’s technical fibs slide.

“Goose never could have smashed into the canopy as he ejected! That’s not how the ejection sequence works!”

Now that I’m a grown-up, shit-kicking, occasionally painfully literal lady scientist, I do this very same thing any time wet laboratories appear onscreen.

“For the love of god, put a tip on that pipet! Don’t dip it into that without a tip! DEAR GOD NO.”

“You were just handling somebody’s organs. Why are you wearing that same lab coat in somebody’s office? You have organ juice on you!”

I considered titling this piece “Ruining all representations of lab work in media for everyone.” It’d be like I’m giving you the Ring Virus*, but instead of watching a video, you’re reading an article. And instead of dying in a week, you’re just going to be slightly more critical of the cast of Bones when they use an Erlenmeyer flask instead of a volumetric one. Instead, I’m going to pretend that I have altruistic intentions, and explain that science is awesome, accessible, and a hell of a lot of fun, and there should be more descriptions of what scientists do in their everyday life. So, today, I want to give a basic overview of some of the various tools you may have seen people use when wet labs appear onscreen.

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Gal Science: Fun With Microbes and Vaccines

Itchy memories

I had chickenpox when I was 5. At the time, I was going through a bit of a puckish phase. My parents indulged in my demands to only wear dresses. I have a vivid memory of itching my shins until blood appeared between the tiny pink hearts on the previously white tights. My sister wouldn’t get chickenpox until a few years later while on our family’s first trip to Disney World. We spent our time quarantined in the hotel room where sympathetic staff gave us coloring books and stuffed Mickey Mouse dolls to appease our bored selves.

We both lived, of course, as most kids do, but if I had the choice I’d have skipped the terrifying oatmeal baths and reclaimed my stolen hours with Mickey Mouse. Fortunately, families now have that option and can receive the chickenpox (varicella zoster virus) vaccine.

I scream, you scream, we all scream for infectious diseases

Most human infectious diseases are caused by either bacteria or viruses. By definition, microbes are MICRO as in, tiny, as in only able to be seen by a microscope. In the context of human health and disease, the term “microbe” is often used loosely to describe bacteria, viruses (which are even smaller than bacteria and for most of history could NOT be seen by microscopes), fungi and protozoa.

Comparatively, bacteria and viruses are the Coke and Pepsi of the human disease market; they have massive global reach and dominate the market.

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Gal Science: When Maxim Needs an “Expert”

Before I start my science-story, let me tell you a little about myself. I’m working on my doctorate in evolutionary neuroscience at Emory University. My research focuses on the anatomical specializations in the human brain that support language and conceptual thought.

“But where’s her degree?!” I hear you folks asking. Don’t worry, guys – even if I am still in grad school, I am a legit serious scientist-lady. Like we’re talking going into year 6 of my PhD, and that’s after almost 3 years doing my master’s. I am scientifically decadent, if that’s possible. It’s like if Guy Fieri opened a neuroscience lab and had all his graduate students using Bunsen burners to crisp bacon while he used the cryostat to cut ultrathin slices of Gran Padano. So, context: lady scientist, not really a student, not yet a PhD…

I’m at the point in my career where I will jump for the chance to get more exposure for my ideas. Still thin on publications, but with lots of ideas banging around in my head, I’m not yet enough of an entity in my own field to be considered an “expert.” People don’t email me out of the blue to ask for my opinion. However, I’ve found social media to be a great outlet for communicating science to a broad cross-section of folks. And after spending all day in a windowless lab staring at images of chimpanzee brains on a computer screen, it’s really refreshing to actually talk to other humans about my research (albeit, also while staring at a computer screen.) So I was pretty excited to get a message from a journalist on Twitter who wanted to interview me about a few neurobiology topics, most notably, mirror neurons.

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